Genetic Disease and Dentistry
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2) Why do we have two copies of each gene?

A normal human cell contains 46 Chromosomes. We inherit 23 of our chromosomes from our mother (in the egg), and the other 23 from our father (in the sperm), so that we have 23 pairs of chromosomes, and therefore two copies of each gene. The 23rd pair of chromosomes is referred to as the sex chromosomes and determines a person's sex. Females have two X chromosomes and males have one X and one Y chromosome. If the sperm contains the father's X, the baby will be a girl; if he contributes his Y chromosome, you can expect a boy.

Link to definitions of karyotype, genome, genomics.


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